scipy.linalg.expm

scipy.linalg.expm(A, q=None)

Compute the matrix exponential using Pade approximation.

Parameters:

A : (N, N) array_like or sparse matrix

Matrix to be exponentiated.

Returns:

expm : (N, N) ndarray

Matrix exponential of A.

References

[R67]

Awad H. Al-Mohy and Nicholas J. Higham (2009) “A New Scaling and Squaring Algorithm for the Matrix Exponential.” SIAM Journal on Matrix Analysis and Applications. 31 (3). pp. 970-989. ISSN 1095-7162