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Dynamics

Absolute dynamic marks are specified using an identifier after a note: c4-\ff. The available dynamic marks are: \ppp, \pp, \p, \mp, \mf, \f, \ff, \fff, \fff, \fp, \sf, \sff, \sp, \spp, \sfz, and \rfz.

  c'\ppp c\pp c \p c\mp c\mf c\f c\ff c\fff
  c2\sf c\rfz

A crescendo mark is started with \cr and terminated with \rc (the textual reverse of cr). A decrescendo mark is started with \decr and terminated with \rced. There are also shorthands for these marks. A crescendo can be started with \< and a decrescendo can be started with \>. Either one can be terminated with \!. Note that \! must go before the last note of the dynamic mark whereas \rc and \rced go after the last note. Because these marks are bound to notes, if you want several marks during one note, you have to use spacer notes.

  c'' \< \! c''   d'' \decr e'' \rced
  < f''1 { s4 s4 \< \! s4 \> \! s4 } >

You can also use a text saying cresc. instead of hairpins. Here is an example how to do it:

  \context Voice {
    \property Voice.crescendoText = "cresc."
    \property Voice.crescendoSpanner = #'dashed-line
    a'2\mf\< a a \!a
  }

For everyday use, we recommend the identifiers \cresc, endcresc, \dim and \enddim.

Dynamics are grobs of DynamicText and Hairpin . They are put together on DynamicLineSpanner to align them vertically.

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Copyright (c) 1997--2001 Han-Wen Nienhuys and Jan Nieuwenhuizen.

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