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Al principi hi havien els .tar.gz. Els usuaris havien de compilar al seu
sistema GNU/Linux cada programa que volien usar. Quan es va crear Debian, es
jutjava com a necessari el fet que el sistema havia d'incloure un mètode de
gestió per a l'instal·lació de paquets a la màquina. A aquest sistema se
l'anomenà dpkg. Així fou com nasqué el primer "paquet"
en el món GNU/Linux, fins i tot abans de que Red Hat decidís crear el seu propi
sistema "rpm".
Ràpidament s'arribà a un nou dilema en les ments dels creadors de GNU/Linux. Ells necessitaven un mode ràpid, pràctic i eficient per a instal·lar paquets de manera que es gestionessin automàticament les dependències i que es fes càrrec dels fitxers de configuració mentre s'actualitzava. Altra vegada, Debian en fou el precursor i creà a APT, "Advanced Packaging Tool" (eina avançada d'empaquetament), la qual ha estat portada per Conectiva per a usar-la amb rpm i posteriorment ha estat adoptada per algunes altres distribucions.
Aquest manual no cobreix el apt-rpm, el nom amb el que és coneix al port APT de Conectiva, però "pedaços" a aquest document serien benvinguts.
Aquest manual està basat en la següent distribució de Debian, Sarge.
Here you can find some basic terminology and concepts used on this manual:
APT source: an APT source is a location (often on the internet, or possibly on a CDROM or other location) which functions as a repository of Debian packages, see El fitxer /etc/apt/sources.list, Secció 3.1.
APT source line: an APT source line is a line you add to a configuration file to tell APT about the "Apt sources" you want to use, see El fitxer /etc/apt/sources.list, Secció 3.1.
binary package: a binary package is a .deb file prepared to be installed by the package manager (dpkg), it may include binary files but may also carry just architecture-independent data -- it's called binary package either way.
debian-native: package created specifically for Debian, this kind of package usually has the debian control files inside the original source and every new version of the package is also a new version of the original program or data.
debianize: verb usually used to mean "prepare for use with Debian" or, more simply put, packaged in .deb format.
source package: a source package is really an abstract definition to a set of two or three files which are part of the deb source format: a .dsc file, which contains information about the package, also called source control file; a .orig.tar.gz file, which contains the original upstream source for that package -- you may also find this being called .tar.gz, simply, with no .orig, meaning this is a debian-native package; a .diff.gz file, which carries the modifications made to the original source to "debianize" the package -- you will not find this kind of file on a debian-native package.
upstream: this word usually means something that comes from the original developer of the software or data, or the developer himself.
virtual packages: virtual packages are packages that do not
really exist, but that are generic services "provided" by some
specific packages -- the most common example is the
mail-transport-agent package, to which packages that need an
MTA[1] can specify a dependency
while keeping the user choice as to which MTA to use.
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APT HOWTO
2.0.2 - October 2006kov@debian.orgbella5 AT teleline DOT esorestes AT tsc.upc DOT es